Aster yellows

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Aster yellows
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Head twisting from aster yellows infection on lettuce
Scientific Classification
Kingdom: Bacteria
Phylum: Firmicutes or Tenericutes
Class: Mollicutes
Order: Acholeplasmatales
Family: Acholeplasmataceae
Genus: Candidatus Phytoplasma
Species: Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris
Synonyms
Aster yellows

Aster yellows witches'-broom phytoplasma
AYWB

AYWBP

Aster yellows is a disease caused by Aster yellows phytoplasma[1] affecting several genera of herbaceous plants, primarily in the Aster family. The aster leafhopper vector, Macrosteles quadrilineatus, moves the aster yellows phytoplasma from plant to plant.[2]

Symptoms[edit | edit source]

There are a range of characteristic symptoms which vary with the phytoplasma strain, timing of infection, plant species, temperature, age, and/or size of the plant.[3] The symptoms can be mistaken for herbicide damage.

Symptoms include vein clearing until the entire leaf becomes chlorotic, stunting, deformation, virescence (greening of flowers), phyllody (development of leaf-like flower petals), reddening of foliage, reduced root system, and sterility.[2][4] Aster yellows does not typically kill perennial host plants.

Carrot[edit | edit source]

Initial vein clearing and chlorosis, followed by production of many adventitious shoots, with the tops looking like a witches’-broom. The internodes of such shoots are short as are the leaf petioles. Young leaves are smaller and dry up while the petioles of older leaves twist and break off. Any remaining older leaves turn bronze or red late in the season. Floral parts are deformed and roots are smaller, abnormally shaped and have woolly secondary roots. The carrot roots are predisposed to soft rots in the field and storage and taste unpleasant to the consumer.[5]

Treatment[edit | edit source]

No treatment is available to save a plant infected with aster yellows. It is best managed by removing infected plants from the garden to minimize spread.[6]

Prevention[edit | edit source]

Management of the insect vector is not usually feasible in a home garden.[6]

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Gallery[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

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  1. Bai et al. Living with genome instability: the adaptation of phytoplasmas to diverse environments of their insect and plant hosts. J. Bacteriol. 2006 May;188(10):3682-96.
  2. a b Davis, M. R. & Raid, R. N., eds. (2002). Compendium of Umbelliferous Crop Diseases. St. Paul: The American Phytopathological Society. pp. 58-59.
  3. O’Mara, J.; Bauernfeind, R.; Stevens, A.; Gast, K.; & Steven, S. (1993). Aster Yellows. Cooperative Extension Service, Kansas State University.
  4. Hudelson, Brian. (2006). Aster Yellows. University of Wisconsin Garden Facts.
  5. Agrios, George N. (2005). Plant Pathology. Burlington: Elsevier Academic Press. pp.691-694.
  6. a b Engelbrecht, C . (2006). Aster Yellows. Horticulture & Home Pest News. p103-104. IC-495(22).