Potato rot nematode
| Potato rot nematode | |
|---|---|
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| Potato tuber damage cause by Ditylenchus destructor | |
| Scientific Classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Nematoda |
| Class: | Tylenchoidea |
| Subclass: | Diplogasteria |
| Order: | Tylenchida |
| Superfamily: | Tylenchoidea |
| Family: | Anguinidae |
| Subfamily: | Anguininae |
| Genus: | Ditylenchus |
| Species: | Ditylenchus destructor |
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| Geographic distribution of D. destructor (blue)[1] | |
Potato rot nematode (Ditylenchus destructor) damages tubers during storage, especially under abnormal conditions of storage (i.e. high temperature). As a result, seed material becomes infected. The meristematic method of planting stock production excludes the Potato Rot Nematode, which has reduced the problem.[2]
In general, D. destructor is of extremely minor importance as a pest of potatoes in the EPPO region. Problems only occur at temperatures of 15-20°C and at relative humidity above 90%.[3]
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
The nematode enters potato tubers through lenticels.[4] There are, in general, no obvious symptoms in the aerial parts of the plant, although heavily infested tubers give rise to weak plants which usually die. Early infections cause small white mealy spots just below the surface that are only visible if the skin is removed.[4] These later enlarge, darken, are woolly in texture and may be slightly hollow at the centre. On badly affected tubers there are typically slightly sunken areas with cracked and wrinkled skin which is detached in places from the underlying flesh. The flesh has a dry and mealy appearance, varying in colour from greyish to dark brown or black. This discoloration is largely due to secondary invasion of fungi, bacteria[4] and free-living nematodes (the latter are easily confused with D. destructor).[3]
Prevention[edit | edit source]
Organic[edit | edit source]
Control by crop rotation is possible using non-host crops such as sugarbeet[5], but it is important to control weeds carefully because of the polyphagous habit of D. destructor. The use of nematode-free seed potatoes is an essential component of any control programme.
Chemical[edit | edit source]
Treatment with soil-applied nematicides can provide a high level of control but can be expensive. Granulated nematicides such as carbofuran were reported to be effective against the nematode.[6][7] D. destructor has apparently been eradicated from the state of Wisconsin, USA, by means of repeated fumigation with ethylene dibromide, combined with official restriction of movement of infected tubers.[8] Seed dressing of garlic prior to planting with thiram or benomyl wettable powder gave very good control.[9]
Examples[edit | edit source]
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References[edit | edit source]
| This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors). |
- ↑ (1992). Data Sheets on Quarantine Pests - Ditylenchus destructor. CAB International in association with EPPO. Retrieved: 2010-09-16.
- ↑ Ditylenchus destructor, Thorne - Potato Rot Nematode. Interactive Agricultural Ecological Atlas or Russia and Neighbouring Countries. Retrieved: 2010-08-03.
- ↑ a b (1990). Data Sheets on Quarantine Pests - Ditylenchus destructor. Prepared by CABI and EPPO for the EU.
- ↑ a b c Hammeraas, B. (2009). Potato rot nematode. Forestry Images. Image Number: 5389322. Retrieved: 2010-08-03.
- ↑ Winslow, R.D. (1978) An overview of the important nematode pests of potato. In: Developments in control of nematode pests of potato. Report of the 2nd Nematode Planning Conference, pp. 138-153. International Potato Centre, Lima, Peru.
- ↑ Chukantseva, N.K. (1983) [Some aspects of the study of the potato stem nematode in the Central Chernozem zone of the RSFSR.] Steblevye Nematody Sel'skohhozyaistvennnykh Kul'tur i Mery Bor'by s Nimi 1983, pp. 11-27.
- ↑ Vorona, V.F. (1984) [Trials with heterophos against the potato stem nematode.] Byulleten' Vsessoyuznogo Instituta Gel'mintologii im. K.L. Skryabina No. 34, pp. 69-70.
- ↑ Darling, H.M.; Adams, J.; Norgren, R.L. (1983) Field eradication of the potato rot nematode, Ditylenchus destructor: a 29-year history. Plant Disease 67, 422-423.
- ↑ Fujimura, T.; Ichita, T.; Kimura, T. (1989) Occurrence of potato-rot nematode, Ditylenchus destructor Thorne, in garlic and control. 1. Evaluation of treatments applied before planting and after harvest for control. Japanese Journal of Nematology 18, 22-29.
