Tomato spotted wilt virus

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Tomato spotted wilt virus
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A ripe and unripe tomato infected with TSWV
Scientific Classification
Order: Unassigned
Family: Bunyaviridae
Genus: Tospovirus
Species: Tomato spotted wilt virus
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Locations of confirmed cases of tomato spotted wilt virus (blue)[1]
Synonyms
Bronceado (Spanish)

Bronze leaf (English)
Bronzefleckenkrankheit (German)
Maladie bronzée (French)
Pineapple yellow spot virus
Spotted wilt (English)
TSWV (acronym)
Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus
Tomato spotted wilt virus

Vira-cabeça (Portuguese)

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) causes serious diseases of many economically important plants representing 35 plant families, including dicots and monocots. This wide host range of ornamentals, vegetables, and field crops is unique among plant-infecting viruses. Another unique feature is that TSWV is the only virus transmitted in a persistent manner by certain thrips species. At least six strains of TSWV have been reported; the symptoms produced and the range of plants infected vary among strains Although previously a threat only to crops produced in tropical and subtropical regions, today the disease occurs worldwide. Largely because of wider distribution of the western flower thrips and movement of virus-infected plant material.[2]

Symptoms[edit | edit source]

Symptoms vary depending on host, but may include:

Tomato[edit | edit source]

Symptoms expressed on leaves, petioles, stems, and fruit will vary, depending on the stage plants are infected. Young leaves may show small, dark-brown spots and eventually die. Dark brown streaks also appear on stems and leaf petioles. Growing tips are usually severely affected with complete cell death and greatly stunted growth. The plant may exhibit one-sided growth. Tomato fruit set on severely infected plants will display very characteristic symptoms: immature fruit have mottled, light green rings with raised centers.[2]

Pepper[edit | edit source]

The virus may cause sudden yellowing and browning of young leaves which later die. Long streaks of dead cells appear on stems extending to the growing tips. Fruit formed after infection display large streaks of dead cells and spots while younger fruit may die completely.

Potato[edit | edit source]

Broad dark spots and necrotic ringspots, often with chlorotic halos, occur on both the lower and upper leaves of affected plants.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

None. Destroy infected plants. Sterilise soil and equipment.

Prevention[edit | edit source]

Use techniques to reduce the spread of TSWV by reducing unnecessary contact with plants. Reduce the movement and number of thrips by netting plants, netting points of entry to greenhouses and using yellow sticky cards to monitor thrips levels.

Hosts[edit | edit source]

Potential hosts of TSMV include:[2]

Examples[edit | edit source]

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Sweet pepper fruit  
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Sweet pepper leaf  
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Tomato fruit  
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Tomato leaf  
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Tomato leaflet  

References[edit | edit source]

Template:Reflist

  1. Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization.
  2. a b c T.A. Zitter & M.L. Daughtrey. (1989). "Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus". Cooperative Extension, New York State, Cornell University. Retrieved 2010-07-18.